Under such conditions, the Joule-Thomson coefficient is negative, as seen in the figure above.
2.
This equation can be used to obtain Joule-Thomson coefficients from the more easily measured isothermal Joule Thomson coefficient.
3.
This equation can be used to obtain Joule-Thomson coefficients from the more easily measured isothermal Joule Thomson coefficient.
4.
Helium has a negative Joule-Thomson coefficient at normal ambient temperatures, meaning it heats up when allowed to freely expand.
5.
Where \ scriptstyle \ boldsymbol \ nabla T is the temperature gradient and \ scriptstyle \ mathcal K is the Thomson coefficient.
6.
The Thomson coefficient is unique among the three main thermoelectric coefficients because it is the only one directly measurable for individual materials.
7.
Thus at low temperature, Z and PV will increase as the gas expands, resulting in a positive Joule-Thomson coefficient.
8.
It is difficult to think physically about what the Joule Thomson coefficient, \ mu _ { \ mathrm { JT } }, represents.
9.
It is used in the following to obtain a mathematical expression for the Joule-Thomson coefficient in terms of the volumetric properties of a fluid.
10.
This provides an expression for the Joule Thomson coefficient in terms of the commonly available properties heat capacity, molar volume, and thermal expansion coefficient.
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